en1

    en1

    English meaning: in, *into, below

    Deutsche Übersetzung: “in”

    Note: (: *n̥; Slav. also *on?); eni, n(e)i; perhaps also n̥dhi (ending as epi, obhi etc. perhaps related to loc. in -i, if if not even created after it).

    Material: O.Ind. in ánīka- n. “ front “ (= Av. ainika- ds.) from *eni-oqʷ-; *ni- in O.Ind. ni-já- “ inborn, inherent, fixed, own “, Av. ni-zǝnta- “ innate, natural “, O.Ind. ní-tya- “ continuous, fixed, own “ = Gaul. Nitio-broges, VN (contrast to Allo-broges) = Goth. niÞjis “kinsman, relative”, O.N. niðr “kinsman, relative”, O.E. niððas pl. “ men, people”, also in verbal prefix ar. ni- “in, into”, e.g. O.Ind. nígam-, Av. nigam- “enter into a condition”; Arm. i (before vowel y and n-) from *in, older *en “in”, adnominal m. loc. and acc.; Gk. ἐν, dial. ἰν and (poet.) ἔνι, ἐνί (so Hom. always as postposition; Att. only more ἔνι as predicate = ἔνεστι) “in”, adnominal with dat. (= loc.), gen. and in part also still with acc. (“whereto, where”), in latter meaning elsewhere after ἐξ to ἐνς (Att. εἰς; thereafter εἴσω extended as ἔξω, anti conservative out of it ἐς); zero grade ἀ- (n̥) e.g. in ἀ-λέγω etc.; about the debatable ἔστε, ἔντε “ until “ s. Schwyzer Gk. I 629 f.; Maced. ἰν; Messap. in; Alb. inj “ until, in “ (*eni̯); Lat. in, oldest en; Osc. en, Umbr. en- (en-dendu “ stretch out, reach forth, extend “), postposition Osc. -en, Umbr.-em, -e, adnom. with dat. (= loc.), acc. and gen. (of ambit); O.Ir. in- “in” adnominal m. dat. and acc.; nasalized), in- (derived from *eni, compare ingen from urIr. ini-gena “daughter”; mixed with ind- = Gaul. ande-, s. Thurneysen Grammar 531 f., Pedersen KG. I 45), O.Welsh O.Bret. en, in “in”, Corn. Bret. en, Welsh yn-, Gaul. essedon (*en-sedon) “ chariot “, embrekton “ immersed (swallowed) bite “ (see under mereq-); Goth. in “in”, adnom. m. dat., acc., gen.; O.H.G. O.S. O.E. in, O.N. ī “in”, adnom. m. dat. and acc., from *eni (about derivatives as Goth. inn “in, into”, inna, innana, probably from *eni-n-, s. Brugmann IF. 33, 304 f.); O.Pruss. en “in”, adnom. m. dat. and acc., Ltv. ie- (only prefix); zero grade *n̥ in Lith. į̃ (older and nowadays dial. in, int) “in”, adnom. m. loc. and acc.; O.C.S. on- (on-ušta “ footwear “, ǫ-dolь “valley”), zero grade vьn-, vъ “in”, adnom. m. loc. and acc.; Toch. AB y-, yn-, В in- (only prefix). n̥-dhi: O.Ind. ádhi “about, on”, O.Pers. adiy “in”; Gaul. intensive prefix Ande- (PN Anderoudus “ the very red “), Welsh an(ne)- in anne-l “ contrivance “ = O.Ir. inde-l (*n̥dhi-l-om), Welsh an-daw “ eavesdrop “ (to taw “ closemouthed “); O.Ir. ind- (partly from *indi-, partly from secondary *indo-) in ind-reth “ incursion “ (*indi-reto-), indnaide (see further under), etc. Pedersen (KG. I 45) will also place here Goth. und “up to”; s. about other possibilities above S. 50 and S. 181. (e)nero- “ inner “: Arm. *nero- “ the inside “, assumed from ner- “ within, in, into”, nerk’s “ inside “, nerk”oy “ inside, within “; perhaps Gk. ἔνεροι as “ those below, those beneath the earth, of the dead and the gods below “, namely in the earth; or better Hypostase from οἱ ἐν ἔρᾳ? ni-, nei- “low, base”, comparative nitero- “low” (in contrast to “ upper “): O.Ind. ní, Av. nī “ down; downward “, O.Ind. nitarǘ m “ underneath “, Av. nitǝma- “ the loWest “; Arm. ni-, n- “low”; Celt. *nē from *nei in O.Ir. ar-nëut-sa, in-nëut-sa “ I expect, anticipate “, (urIr. *-nē-sedū), Verbaln. indn(a)ide (*indo-nē-sodi̯on) and in ar-neigdet “to pray” (*ari-nē-gedont); compare different Bergin É riu 10, 111; O.H.G. nidar, O.S. nithar, O.E. niÞer, O.Ice. niðr “ down; downward “, O.H.G. nidana, O.S. nithana “under”, O.E. neoðan, niÞan “down, downward, under”, O.Ice. neðana “ from here below “, preposition with acc. “below”, O.S. nithe adv. “under”, O.H.G. nida preposition with dat. and acc. “below, under”; O.Bulg. nizъ “ down, downwards “ (formation as prě-zъ etc.); in compound: O.Ind. nīpa- “ low lying “ (ni + ap- “water”); *ni-okʷ- as “ holding down the eyes “ in: O.Ind. nīcǘ ́ “ downwards “ (compare nyañc- “ pointed down “); O.Bulg. nicь “ inclined forward, stooping forward; rushing down or past; precipitous, steep; inclined, well-disposed, favorable; easy “, poniknąti, ničati “ be inclined “; Wackernagel-Debrunner O.Ind. Gk. III 230 f., Trautmann 198 f. with formants -u̯о-: Gk. νειός f. “field, entryway “ (*lowland, depression”), νείατος, νέατος “the uttermost, loWest, extreme, outermost “, νειόθεν “from under, from the bottom “, νείοθι “below, at the bottom “, νείαιρα γαστήρ “ the lower part of the belly “, νήιστα ἔσχατα, κατώτατα Hes., theb. Νήιτται πύλαι (η seems to stand for ẹ̄ from ei before pal. vowel); O.Bulg. n̂iva “farmland” (“*lowland, depression”), Ser.-Cr. njȉva (whence j?), Cz. Russ. níva ds. (*nēiu̯ ü f); zero grade O.E. neowol, nēol, nihol “ inclined forward, stooping forward; rushing down or past; precipitous, steep; inclined, well-disposed, favorable; easy “ from *niwol, M.L.G. nigel “low, base”; here probably also with full grade Lith. néivoti “torment, smite”, Ltv. niẽvât “verächtlich behandeln, vilify, niederdrũcken” (also Goth. *naiw “ἐνεῖχεν” Marc. VI 19?). Maybe Alb. nivel “levelled ground” compare IE ni-zdos “nest” under sed- ‘sit, place”. As “run down, tell off, rebuke” (as Ltv. niẽvât) based on probably also neid- “ reproach, rebuke, censure, blame, esp. by word “, neit- “ to be hostile towards, attack “ neiq- (see there), in nei-, ni-. enter, n̥ter “ between - in”, en-tero- “ inward “: O.Ind. antár, Av. antarǝ, O.Pers. antar “ between “, adnom. with loc., instr., acc., gen.; O.Ind. ántara- “ internal “, Av. antara- “ inner “, superl. O.Ind. ántama- “the closest “ (not to ánti, ánta-), Av. antǝma- “ the most internal, intimate, inmost “; O.Ind. antrá-, also with Vr̥ddhi üntrá - n. “ intestines, entrails “; Arm. ǝnder-k” pl. “ intestines, entrails “ (Gk. Lw. ? s. Hũbschmann Arm. Gk. 1447 f.); Gk. ἔντερον, mostly pl. “ intestines, entrails “; Alb. nder “ between, in”, further ndjer, ngjer etc. “until” (*entero-); Also zero grade (*nderi) deri, deri-sa, gjer-sa “until”. Maybe prefixed Alb. pre-enda, brenda “inside” Lat. enter, inter “ prep. with acc. between, among, amid; during, in the course of “, adnom. m. acc. (solidified m. gen. intervias, interdius), intrō, intrü, intrin-secus, interus “ internal “, interior, intimus, intestīnus (see under), Osc. Entraí “* Interae “, zero grade, Osc. anter “ between, among, amid; during, in the course of “, Umbr. anter, ander “during”, adnom. m. loc. and acc.; O.Ir. eter, etir, etar “ between “, adnom. m. acc., Corn. ynter, yntre, Bret. entre (the ending after tre-, dre = Welsh trwy), O.Welsh ithr “ between, among, amid; during, in the course of “; Gaul. inter ambes “between streams”; O.H.G. untar etc. “under = between” = Osc. anter (different from Gmc. *under, O.H.G. etc untar “below” from *n̥dher, Lat. infrü); compare Goth. undaúrni-mats “ lunch “ = “ breakfast “, O.N. undorn n. “morning (at nine clock)”, O.S. undorn, O.E. undern “midday”, O.H.G. untorn “midday, lunch” (n-suffix as in Lat. internus); zero grade as Gk. ἔντερα etc. O.N. iðrar pl. “ intestines, entrails “ (from *innrar, *inÞerōz), innre, iðre “the inner” (if not specific N..-ro- has derivatived from inn = Goth. inn “hinein”, see above); Slav. *ętro in O.C.S. jątro “liver”, ablaut. ǫtroba “liver, *intestines, cavity of the body”, ǫtrь “ εἴσω “. about Hitt. antūrii̯ as “ inner, interior “, andurza “ inside, within “ s. Lohmann I. F. 51, 320 f. entós “(from) inside “ (compare O.Ind. i-táḥ “from here”, Lat. caelitus etc.): Gk. ἐντός “ inside “, whereof ἔντοσ-θεν, -θι and further ἐντόσθια, ἐντοσθίδια “ intestines, entrails “ (or latter with from ἔντοσθε lengthened in θ for *ἐντοστια, compare O.Ind. antastya- n. “ intestines, entrails “, Fick I4 363, Vendryès Rev. ét. Gk. 23, 1910, 74); Lat. intus “from inside, within; inside “, therefrom with analog rearrangement intestīnus “inward, internal; n. as subst., sing. and plur. the intestines”; M.L.G. Ger. dial. inser “ eatable internal parts of animals “, O.N. īstr п., īstra f., “ the fat surrounding the intestine “ (*en-s-tro-); O.Pruss. instran “fat”, Ltv. îstri pl. “ kidneys” (*en-s-tro-); Ltv. ìekša “Inneres”, pl. “ intestines, entrails “ (*en-t-i̯ü), O.Lith. insčios “heart”, Lith. į́ščios “ intestines, entrails “ (*ens- ti̯o-). About die compression Lat. endo, indu “in”, wherefore Gk. τὰ ἔνδῑνα, O.Ir. inne “ intestines, entrails “, see above S. 182 -- About Gk. ἔν-δον “*in the house, indoors” (wherefore ἔνδο-θεν, -θι, Lesb. Dor. ἔνδοι after οἴκο-θεν, -θι, οἴκοι) s. dem- “to build”.

    References: WP. I 125 ff., II 335 f., WH. I 687 f., 694, 708 f., 711 f., 870, Trautmann 69 f., 198 f. W. Schulze Kl. Schr. 70 ff.